How to store your fruit and vegetables. The ultimate guide.

Nick Bakaloumas

December 23, 2023

General Tips

When to wash fruits and vegetables

It is good to wash them at the moment we intend to consume them. In case they are dirty, it is enough to wipe them with a slightly damp kitchen paper.

Storage of Cut Fruits and Vegetables

We store them in airtight containers inside the refrigerator to prevent the entry of air. It is advisable to consume them within 4 days. It is recommended that fruits such as apples, pears, bananas, and avocados be placed in the refrigerator whole and not cut.

Caution Ethylene

Ethylene, or otherwise known as the 'ripening hormone,' is a simple hydrocarbon that accelerates the ripening process of fruits and vegetables containing it, such as apples, pears, bananas, apricots, lettuce, carrots, cucumber, lettuce, etc. Therefore, it is reasonable for fruits and vegetables high in ethylene to be stored on their own in trays or perforated food bags, so they do not come into contact with those sensitive to ethylene, such as oranges, peaches, strawberries, figs, potatoes, onions, garlic, tomatoes, green beans, etc.

Caution Humidity

When fruits and vegetables are stored in the refrigerator, it is necessary to place them in a perforated or open food bag, inside which we have placed kitchen paper to absorb excess moisture.

How to store Fruits

Apples

Preserving and storing apples is a straightforward process that can significantly enhance their longevity. For short-term storage, keep apples in a cool, dark place, such as a pantry or cellar, and ensure proper ventilation to prevent premature ripening. To extend shelf life, store them in the refrigerator, ideally in the crisper drawer. Using a perforated plastic bag or placing them in the fruit drawer helps maintain their crispness. To prevent cross-contamination, store apples separately from other fruits and vegetables, as they release ethylene gas, which can accelerate ripening. Regularly check stored apples for any signs of spoilage and promptly remove any damaged or rotting pieces to preserve the overall quality of the batch.

Oranges

To preserve and store oranges for prolonged freshness, it's advisable to keep them at room temperature if consumption is expected within a week. For extended storage, refrigerate whole oranges in the crisper drawer, either in an airtight container or sealed plastic bag, where they can remain viable for up to a month. When cutting oranges, store the remaining pieces in an airtight container or zip-top bag in the refrigerator for about five to seven days to prevent dehydration. These storage practices help maintain the flavor and nutritional value of the oranges while preventing spoilage.

Grapefruits

Preserving and storing grapefruit effectively involves a few key steps. For short-term storage, keep grapefruits at room temperature on the countertop, especially if they will be consumed within a week. To extend their shelf life, refrigerate whole grapefruits in an airtight container or sealed plastic bag in the crisper drawer, where they can stay fresh for up to a month. When dealing with cut grapefruit, store the remaining segments or halves in the refrigerator in an airtight container or zip-top bag for about five to seven days to prevent loss of moisture and flavor. Following these guidelines ensures that the grapefruit retains its optimal taste and quality over an extended period.

Pears

To determine if a pear is ripe, simply press it lightly at the top, around the stem. If the flesh is firm, it is not ripe enough. In this case, leave it on the kitchen counter until it completes ripening, for 3-4 days, and then place it in the refrigerator whole, inside a food bag with holes, similar to apples

Bananas

"As tropical fruits, they need to be kept away from a cold environment but should be placed on our kitchen counter until they ripen. To preserve them longer, it is good to separate them one by one, wrap their stems with transparent kitchen wrap, and keep them at room temperature until they ripen. Afterward, once they have ripened, place them in the refrigerator for 3-4 days, inside a food bag with holes to avoid moisture.

Appricots

Strawberries

They can be stored in the refrigerator, on the fruit shelf, for 2-3 days. Before placing them, put them in a bowl or a paper bag with kitchen paper inside.

Grapes

While grapes typically have longer shelf life compared to other berries, ensuring their optimal condition requires proper care. To prevent accelerated dehydration, it's advisable to refrain from storing grapes near the direct air path of a cooling unit. Maintaining good air circulation emerges as a key strategy for preserving grapes at their best. When purchasing in bulk, delicately stack grape boxes within the cooler to facilitate air circulation around them, avoiding direct exposure.

Cherries

Optimal cherry storage involves placing them in the refrigerator, where they can maintain freshness for up to three days, and freezing extends their shelf life to as long as one year. Before storing, it's crucial to eliminate any excess moisture from the cherries, ensuring their longevity and freshness.

watermelon

For temporary watermelon storage, if immediate consumption isn't planned, place it on the countertop away from direct sunlight. According to the Produce for Better Health Foundation, maintaining melons at room temperature helps preserve nutrients and flavor. In moderate climates or air-conditioned environments, a fresh watermelon can safely rest on the counter for one to two weeks. The National Watermelon Promotion Board recommends storing a whole watermelon at 55°F for ideal conditions.

If your watermelon is ripe and you're not ready to enjoy it, don't fret. Instead of slicing it, transfer the whole watermelon to the refrigerator. This cooler environment will extend its freshness for an additional two to three weeks by slowing down the ripening process.

Melon

Allow whole melons to ripen at room temperature. Once ripe, refrigerate whole, uncovered melons. For melon halves, tightly cover them with ClingWrap. For cut melon, use a food protection container, sealing it before refrigerating.

How to store Vegetables

Potatos

Storing fresh potatoes properly is crucial to maintain their quality and prevent sprouting or spoilage. Here are some guidelines for storing fresh potatoes:

Cool, Dark Place: Store potatoes in a cool, dark place with good ventilation. A pantry or cellar is ideal, as long as it remains cool and free from direct sunlight. Avoid storing potatoes near onions, as both release gases that can accelerate spoilage.

Paper Bag or Basket: Place potatoes in a paper bag or a well-ventilated basket. Paper allows for air circulation while protecting them from light. Avoid using plastic bags, as they can trap moisture and promote sprouting.

Avoid Refrigeration: Do not store potatoes in the refrigerator. The cold temperature can convert the starches in potatoes into sugars, affecting their taste and texture. Instead, keep them in a cool but not cold environment.

Check Regularly: Periodically check your potatoes for any signs of sprouting, green discoloration, or soft spots. Remove any damaged or sprouting potatoes to prevent them from affecting the others.

Separate from Onions: Keep potatoes away from onions and other fruits and vegetables that release ethylene gas, as it can lead to premature sprouting.

Onions

To maximize the shelf life of onions, it's ideal to store them in a cool, dark place with temperatures between 45 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Whole, raw onions can last for two to three months under these conditions, and suitable storage spots include a cellar, pantry, unheated basement, or garage.

However, if finding a cool spot in your home is a challenge, storing onions in the refrigerator can also extend their shelf life. In the refrigerator, onions can last at least two to three months. Keep in mind that onions tend to absorb moisture easily, and their texture may become somewhat soft in the fridge. Be mindful of the potential change in texture and store them in a ventilated container or bag to minimize moisture absorption. This way, you can ensure the longevity and quality of your onions, even if a cool, dark room is not readily available.

Garlic

Proper storage of garlic is essential to preserve its flavor and quality. Here are some tips on how to store garlic:

Cool, Dark Place: Store garlic in a cool, dark place with good air circulation. A pantry, cupboard, or a garlic keeper in a kitchen with adequate ventilation is ideal. Avoid exposing garlic to direct sunlight, as this can lead to sprouting and loss of flavor.

Keep it Dry: Garlic bulbs should be kept dry to prevent mold growth. Do not store garlic in a plastic bag or in a sealed container, as this can trap moisture and encourage sprouting.

Whole Bulbs: Store garlic in its bulb form until you are ready to use it. Separate the cloves only when you're ready to use them to maintain freshness.

Avoid Refrigeration: Refrigeration is not recommended for whole, unpeeled garlic bulbs, as the cold, moist environment can lead to sprouting and a rubbery texture. However, peeled or chopped garlic can be stored in the refrigerator for a short period, but it may lose some of its flavor.

Ventilated Container: If you prefer to use a container, choose one that is well-ventilated, like a mesh bag or a basket, to promote air circulation.

Tomatos

They should be left on the kitchen counter, in a shady place, at room temperature of 13-21 degrees, after first placing them upright, with the stem upwards, on a dish with kitchen paper underneath. This way, they will retain their taste and texture. If they become overripe, do not put them in the refrigerator. Grate them and make them into a sauce.

Carrots

To extend the shelf life of carrots in the refrigerator, proper storage is key. Whether you've grown them yourself or purchased fresh ones, immediately place them in a bag and store in the refrigerator, shielding them from both sunlight and air exposure to maintain quality. For extended storage beyond three days, opt for an airtight, zip-top, or vacuum-sealed bag. The sealed environment helps regulate humidity, countering the dry conditions often present in refrigerators that can lead to dehydration. Additionally, it's crucial to keep carrots away from ethylene-producing fruits like apples, pears, and ripe bananas, as exposure to ethylene can accelerate their deterioration and impart a bitter taste due to the production of a substance called isocoumarin. By adhering to these storage practices, you can ensure your carrots remain fresh and flavorful for up to two to three months.

Lemons

Maintain lemons at room temperature for optimal freshness. Whole lemons can endure for up to a week when stored on the countertop. Prolong the shelf life of lemons by refrigerating them. When stored in an airtight container or sealed plastic bag within the crisper drawer, whole lemons can last for a month in the refrigerator. Preserve cut lemons by wrapping them up. Refrigerate lemon halves and slices for five to seven days in an airtight container or zip-top bag. Alternatively, wrap lemon wedges in plastic wrap to prevent drying out.

Mushrooms

Indeed, mushrooms can stay fresh longer with proper storage techniques. Taking them out of their original container and wrapping them in paper towels is a great method. Placing the wrapped mushrooms in open plastic bags or, even better, paper bags helps maintain their freshness in the refrigerator. This approach helps control excess moisture, preventing the mushrooms from becoming slimy or developing mold. By providing a breathable yet protected environment, you can extend the shelf life of mushrooms and ensure they remain in optimal condition for your culinary endeavors.

Cucumbers

Preserving and storing cucumbers involves a few simple steps to maintain their crispness and flavor. Store whole, uncut cucumbers in the refrigerator's crisper drawer, wrapped in a paper towel or placed in a perforated plastic bag. This helps control moisture and prevents them from becoming rubbery. If you've sliced or partially used a cucumber, it's best to seal the cut portion in an airtight container or wrap it in plastic wrap before refrigerating. Always keep cucumbers away from ethylene-producing fruits like apples and tomatoes, as exposure to ethylene can lead to accelerated deterioration. Regularly check stored cucumbers for freshness, discarding any spoiled pieces promptly. Following these practices will help you enjoy crisp and flavorful cucumbers for an extended period.

Eggplant

Contrary to the common practice of refrigerating vegetables, eggplant has specific preferences for storage. The ideal temperature range for eggplants is between 50 and 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Unlike many vegetables, eggplants have a relatively short shelf life, typically lasting only a few days after purchase. The key to preserving their freshness lies in storing them in a cool, dark, and dry place. Refrigeration can adversely affect the texture and flavor of eggplants, so it's recommended to avoid the fridge and instead opt for a suitable cool storage environment to maximize their quality and taste.

One of the most renowned eggplant dishes is undoubtedly moussaka, a Greek culinary masterpiece featuring layered eggplant and spiced meat. Fresh eggplant, versatile in its culinary applications, lends itself to various cooking methods, including roasting, baking, grilling, and microwaving. Its adaptable nature allows for stuffing, incorporating into dips, and creating flavorful side dishes like thick slices fried in olive oil. For a unique twist, pickled eggplants can elevate the taste of a ham and cheese grinder, showcasing the vegetable's ability to add depth and richness to diverse recipes. The culinary flexibility of eggplant makes it a delightful ingredient in a wide range of savory dishes.

Peppers

Preserving and storing peppers can be done effectively with a few simple steps. For short-term storage, keep peppers in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. However, for longer shelf life, consider the following methods:

Refrigeration: Store whole peppers in the refrigerator's crisper drawer. Ensure they are dry and place them in a perforated plastic bag. This method can keep them fresh for up to two weeks.

Freezing: For an extended storage period, chop or slice the peppers before freezing. Spread them on a baking sheet to prevent clumping and freeze individually. Once frozen, transfer the pieces to an airtight container or a freezer bag. This method allows you to keep peppers for several months.

Pickling: Create pickled peppers by submerging sliced or whole peppers in a mixture of vinegar, water, salt, and sugar. Store them in sterilized jars, ensuring the peppers are fully covered by the pickling liquid. Properly sealed jars can be stored in a cool, dark place for several months.

Drying: Dehydrate peppers by slicing them into rings or strips and placing them in a food dehydrator or an oven at a low temperature. Once dried, store the peppers in an airtight container in a cool, dark place. Dried peppers can last for several months and can be rehydrated as needed.

Cabbage

Indeed, ensuring the longevity of your cabbage begins with thoughtful selection, whether at the grocery store or in your garden. Cabbage varieties such as red or purple cabbage, green cabbage, Napa cabbage, and Savoy cabbage offer diverse options. While green cabbage tends to be the most prevalent, characterized by its familiar appearance in the produce aisle, the key to freshness applies to all types. When choosing cabbage, opt for heads that are weighty for their size, firm to the touch, and possess leaves tightly secured to the head. The snug attachment minimizes air exposure, promoting prolonged freshness. Be vigilant in avoiding cabbage with signs of bruising, blemishes, wilting, or discoloration, as these indicators often signal aging and may compromise the quality of the cabbage over time.

Brocolli

For optimal storage of broccoli, place it in a loosely wrapped or perforated plastic bag to allow some air circulation. It's crucial not to wash broccoli before storing, as excess moisture can foster mold growth. Instead, wait until just before consumption to wash it. Consume the broccoli within 3 to 5 days for the best flavor and quality. Following these steps helps maintain the freshness of your broccoli while minimizing the risk of spoilage.

Cauliflower

To preserve the freshness of fresh cauliflower heads, store them in a loosely closed or perforated plastic bag within the refrigerator. It's crucial to allow air circulation, so avoid sealing or knotting the bag shut. If you purchased a plastic-wrapped cauliflower head from the grocery store, be sure to loosen up the knot to ensure proper ventilation. This practice helps maintain the cauliflower's quality by preventing excess moisture buildup while stored in the refrigerator.

Lettuce

Preserving the freshness of head lettuce, such as iceberg and romaine, is best achieved by keeping it attached to the head and unwashed until use. For head lettuces, like iceberg and romaine, maintain the head intact but remove the stem. Wrap it in a dish towel or paper towel to absorb any excess moisture and place it in the crisper drawer of the fridge. This method can extend the freshness to one to three weeks. In the case of loose leaf lettuce, expect a shelf life of about a week or 10 days when stored with a towel to absorb excess moisture. This approach helps prevent premature wilting and maintains the crispness of the lettuce until you're ready to enjoy it.